We started today’s tour with another ride down the scariest, steepest escalator known to man. Once we got to the Kremlin, the first thing we noticed were these cannons outside of the Arsenal. The cannons were captured from the French during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815).
Then we passed by the Poteshny Palace (the yellow building). It was built by Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich in the 17th century and housed the first Russian theater. Tsar Alexey enjoyed various comedic performances in the theater (often lasting days at a time). However, in the Russian Orthodox Church, attending such shows was a sin, so immediately after leaving the theater Tsar Alexey would attend a mass to repent his sins (note how close the church is to the theater).
And here’s Russia’s version of the “White House”, meaning that their president has his office there. I took about 10 pictures of this building to try and make sure I got a good one of the flag blowing in the breeze. I think I was successful, though with my perspective on this photo the building looks crooked. Oh well, focus on how nice the flag looks.
And here we have Tsar Pushka (literally, Tsar Cannon). The cannon was commissioned in 1586 by Tsar Feodor and weighs nearly 38 tons. The Guinness Book of Records lists it as the largest howitzer ever made.
The cannon has never been fired. In fact, the cannonballs in front of it are too big to even fit inside of it. I know, I measured them (or I read it in my guidebook, same thing). It’s believed the cannon was never intended to be fired and was made only to intimidate Russia’s enemies.
Not far from the cannon is this massive bell, helping prove that every thing’s bigger in Texas Moscow.
The bell was commissioned by Empress Anna, niece of Peter the Great, and is currently the largest bell in the world. The bell weighs 216 tons and is about 20 feet tall. Unfortunately the bell has never been rung. After being cast in 1737, the bell was cooling off when it came in contact with water. This major “oops” caused an 11 ton chunk of the bell to break off.
Here we have the Annunciation Cathedral. Interesting fact, during WWII Stalin had all of the crosses removed from the tops of the churches. This is because the crosses are always placed East-West and low flying enemy planes could use the crosses to help navigate.
The inside of this church was beautiful, unfortunately photos (even without the flash) were not allowed.
We went in a couple of other churches as well. One had a beautiful quartet singing in it (I think it was Archangel Cathedral). I could have listened to them all day. I’m not 100% sure, but I think it’s the church above with the silver domes. The artwork and tombs of the Tsars were truely awesome to see.
Here is one of the Kremlin’s 20 towers and another beautifully fluttering flag. In 1935 Stalin removed the imperial double-headed eagles from the five tallest towers and replaced them with these red-glass stars. According to our guide today (Igor), the stars are important to Russians because the 5 points of the star represent the 5 continents that Russia wanted to have power over.
This picture isn’t the greatest, but I am including it because I want to tell the story, and stories are always better with pictures. Okay, see the falcon? The Russian Army has some members that are falcon trainers. Every once in a while they’ll have them out with the falcons to scare pigeons away from the shiny pretty domes. It helps keep the domes shiny and pretty and pigeon poop free.
After this we had a tour of the Kremlin’s Armory. There was no shortage of things to look at in the Armory. We saw Katherine the Great’s coronation gowns, Tsar Alexy’s 800 diamond throne (oooh sparkley), and the carriages (and sleighs) of Empress Elizabeth, just to name a few things. No photos allowed there either, so you’ll just have to trust me that it was fantastic.
My favorite display by far was that of the Fabergé Easter Eggs. Carl Fabergé and his goldsmiths designed and constructed the first egg in 1885. It was commissioned by Tsar Alexander III as an Easter surprise for his wife, Maria. Empress Maria was so delighted by this gift that Alexander appointed Fabergé a “Court Supplier” and commissioned an Easter gift each year thereafter, stipulating only that it be unique and contain a surprise. They were amazing and so beautiful. I wish my husband would get me a Fabergé egg each Easter.
Okay, almost done. I promise. I can’t help it, I write like I talk, and I talk a lot.
After leaving the Kremlin we walked around Red Square. We passed by the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The tomb contains the remains of one soldier that died in December of 1941. The inscription reads, “Your name is unknown, your deed immortal”. The tomb is watched over by two guards and newlyweds often bring flowers and have their photos taken here.
We also passed by Lenin’s tomb. Unfortunately it was closed while we were there so we were not able to go in and pay our respects.
The last thing we saw today was St. Basil’s Cathedral. This cathedral was built between 1555 and 1561 to celebrate Ivan the Terrible’s capture of Kazan. Legend has it that once the cathedral was completed, Ivan had the architect blinded so that he could never again create anything like it. Napoleon ordered it to be destroyed in 1812, however (thankfully) his troops did not have enough time.
Okay, the end. I hope you all enjoyed today’s history lesson.
PS – Happy Anniversary Mom & Dad.